In psychodynamic therapy the therapist gives fewer instructions and listens more. You are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, even if it seems unrelated or uncomfortable. The therapist pays attention to recurring themes, to what is left unsaid and to the feelings behind the words.
An important tool is your relationship with the therapist itself. Feelings we have had toward important people sometimes show up in the relationship with the therapist too. Talking about these in a safe setting can help you recognise old patterns and have a new experience of relating.
The therapist also notices the ways we protect ourselves from pain, known as defences. Understanding where these came from and what they cost today can support lasting change.